ORIGINAL PAPER
High performance of chitosan-co-polyacrylamide-TiO2 crosslinked glutaraldehyde hydrogel as soil conditioner for soybean plant (Glycine max)
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia
2
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia
Submission date: 2020-06-11
Acceptance date: 2020-07-29
Online publication date: 2020-09-09
Publication date: 2020-09-09
Corresponding author
Muhammad Nurdin
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma Anduonohu UHO, 93232, Kendari, Indonesia
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma Anduonohu UHO, 93232, Kendari, Indonesia
Soil Sci. Ann., 2020, 71(3), 194–204
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Research on hydrogels as soil conditioners has developed. Acrylamide based hydrogels copolymerized with composite materials in the form of chitosan and TiO2 were carried out to overcome low physical properties and low swelling of polyacrylamide. The aims of study are synthesis, characterization, application of hydrogels, and determine the properties of soil physical chemistry and the growth of soybean plants. Synthesis of chitosan-co-polyacrylamide-TiO2 crosslinked glutaraldehyde hydrogel was carried out by the chemical crosslinking method. The characterization of hydrogel was carried out by using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). FTIR spectrum shows the functional groups of chitosan co-polyacrylamide-TiO2 crosslinked glutaraldehyde which includes OH functional groups (3408.22 cm-1), NH (1602.85 cm-1), C=O (1502 cm-1), CN (1600.92 cm-1), and Ti-O (619.15 cm-1). The SEM image shows the formation of pores and cavities in the hydrogel. The and application of hydrogels in soybean plants shows differences in physical chemistry properties of soil and plant growth. The use of all variations of hydrogel had no significant effect on soil physical properties including temperature, humidity, and bulk density. Meanwhile, hydrogels with TiO2 concentration of 60 ppm influence chemical properties of soil significantly such as organic carbon, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and level of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil. The optimum number of leaves, plant height, total dry weight are 68 leave blades, 207 cm, and 20.6 g respectively and it was found in the use of KTiKPAG60 hydrogel. The results showed that chitosan-co-polyacrylamide-TiO2 crosslinked glutaraldehyde has the potential to be a soil conditioner.
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