REVIEW PAPER
Salts phytoremediation by halophytes in soil and aquatic environments: new mechanisms, promising species, and challenges
1
, Iran
2
, Polska
3
, Spain
Submission date: 2025-02-12
Final revision date: 2025-04-25
Acceptance date: 2025-06-09
Online publication date: 2025-06-09
Publication date: 2025-06-09
Corresponding author
Piotr Hulisz
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Department of Soil Science and Landscape Ecology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Polska
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Department of Soil Science and Landscape Ecology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Polska
Soil Sci. Ann., 2025, 76(2)206904
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Excessive soluble salt accumulation in the soil or water reduces plant growth, renders land unusable, negatively impacts aquatic life, and limits water usage for various purposes. This paper explores the phytoremediation potential of halophytes and their ability to absorb salts from soil and aquatic environments. These plants offer numerous benefits, such as producing food, forage, oil, biofuels, and herbal medicines. They are useful in various sectors, including industry, pharmaceuticals, landscaping, and environmental reclamation. Halophyte farming, or biosaline agriculture, is successfully used for animal feed and biofuel production. Key challenges include identifying suitable varieties, improving yields, optimizing cultivation methods, and assessing economic viability for broader adoption. Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and cost-effective method for cleaning up polluted environments, utilizing plants or algae to remove, detoxify, or stabilize contaminants in soil, water, or air. It offers several mechanisms, including phytoextraction, phytodegradation, phytostabilization, rhizofiltration, phytoaugmentation, and phytostimulation, as alternatives to traditional remediation techniques like excavation and removal of contaminated materials. Halophytes hold promise as a sustainable and cost-effective solution for mitigating soil and water salinity through salt phytoremediation, offering a hopeful prospect for the environment. However, more research is needed to refine halophyte cultivation, maximize their phytoremediation potential, and ensure economic feasibility.
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