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PRACA ORYGINALNA
Uwalnianie azotu i zmiana właściwości gleby przez granulaty wytworzone z biowęgla, obornika z dodatkiem składników mineralnych
 
Więcej
Ukryj
1
Division of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
 
2
Institute of Horticulture – National Research Institute (INHORT), Konstytucji 3 Maja Str. 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
 
 
Data nadesłania: 24-11-2025
 
 
Data ostatniej rewizji: 20-01-2026
 
 
Data akceptacji: 23-02-2026
 
 
Data publikacji online: 23-02-2026
 
 
Data publikacji: 23-02-2026
 
 
Autor do korespondencji
Tomasz Niedziński   

Faculty of Agriculture and Ecology, Division of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Polska
 
 
Soil Sci. Ann., 2026, 77(1)218478
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
STRESZCZENIE
Granulaty wytworzone z biowęgla, obornika i dodatków mineralnych inkubowano w glebie przez 100-dni przeprowadzone w kontrolowanych warunkach laboratoryjnych, w celu wyjaśnienia dynamiki uwalniania azotu oraz buforujących właściwości chemicznych gleby. W glebie płowej (Luvisol) inkubowano osiem różnych granulatów wytworzonych z biowęgli, obornika drobiowego, gipsu, wapna oraz dodatków organicznych, zaprojektowanych tak, aby reprezentowały odmienne właściwości chemiczne. Wykazano iż, inkubacja granulatów zawierających wapno bądź gips wywołała wzrost pH gleby do 6,7, następnie wystąpił spadek wartości pH gleby, dla granulatów zawierających podłoże popieczarkowe i biowęgiel z pestek owoców wykazano niemal neutralną reakcję gleby (pH >6,0) pod koniec inkubacji. Inkubacja granulatów zawierających obornik i gips spowodowała przyrost przewodności elektrycznej z 102 do 1100-1180 µS cm-1 przez stopniowe uwalnianie jonów, bez ryzyka wystąpienia stresu solnego. Dla granulatów G1-G3 zmierzono stężenie jonu amonowego w glebie wynoszące blisko 250 mg N kg-1 (G1-G3), który następnie przekształcił się w formę azotanową, osiągając stężenie powyżej 200 mg N kg-1 w dniu 100 inkubacji. Tempo uwolnienia azotu Kjeldahla z granulatów było umiarkowane, na koniec inkubacji wykazano 62–92% początkowej zawartości. Uzyskane wyniki ujawniają dwufazową kinetykę przemian związków azotu: akumulację azotanów w glebie, a następnie przyrost stężenia azotanów wewnątrz granulatów, spowodowane dyfuzją tlenu i nitryfikacją zależną od pH. Połączenie biowęgla, gipsu i wapna umożliwia uzyskanie trzech synergicznych efektów buforujące: czasowego (opóźniona nitryfikacja), chemicznego (stabilizacja pH) i hydrojonowego (stopniowa ewolucja ECe). Wyniki te stanowią podstawę do projektowania granulatów nawozowych organiczno-mineralnych, które umożliwiają synchronizację uwalniania azotu z aktywnością mikroorganizmów glebowych jednocześnie minimalizując zakwaszenie i straty składników odżywczych.
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